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#HEART RATE HEARTBEAT NECKLACE DRIVER#Such driver monitoring systems are required not only to monitor drivers’ physical health but also to take control of the driving of the vehicle, according to the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)’s standards for autonomous driving level 3. Consequently, it is expected that driver-state monitoring systems will be developed in the future. #HEART RATE HEARTBEAT NECKLACE SOFTWARE#It states that devices and software to check a driver’s health are required as part of daily management procedures. #HEART RATE HEARTBEAT NECKLACE DRIVERS#The manual addresses the health management of the commercial drivers themselves, in the context of overall business management. In Japan, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism published a “health management manual for drivers of commercial vehicles” in 2010 (revised in 2014). However, it is desirable to be able to detect whether a driver’s driving competency is deteriorating so that the driver does not experience a sudden change in physical condition while driving. As it slows, the system maintains the lane in which the vehicle is already traveling. If the driver still does not respond, the system applies the brakes. When the driver is no longer interacting with the steering wheel, the system flashes a light and sounds a tone to alert the driver to return his/her hands to the steering wheel. For example, an emergency system of Mercedes-Benz has several steps. In some cases, vehicles are equipped with such an emergency system. ![]() Systems have been developed to implement an emergency procedure for taking driving control away from a driver when sudden changes occur in the driver’s physical condition, such that the driver loses control of the vehicle. It was stated that the driver had lost consciousness at the time, and staff at the facility management company of the driver said he had not disclosed any ongoing medical conditions and appeared normal at a meeting before departing on business in a company-owned car. In 2016, in the downtown area of Kita-ku, Osaka City, Japan, a car went out of control and hit a pedestrian crossing an intersection with the result that two people, including the driver, died, and eight other adults received light to severe injuries. For example, in Mississippi, a school bus crashed, and several children were injured after the bus driver suffered “sudden cardiac death”. Therefore, traffic accidents caused by heart disease seem to be an important problem. Nationally, fatalities from road crashes per 100,000 population is 10.9, compared to 34.4 for Alzheimer’s, 43.7 for stroke, 48.2 for lung disease, 185.4 from cancer and 197.2 from heart disease. A report shows that, compared to other leading causes of death, road fatalities are lower, but still quite substantial, the researchers say. ![]() ![]() #HEART RATE HEARTBEAT NECKLACE PROFESSIONAL#Many accidents are caused by sudden changes in the physical conditions of professional drivers. We conclude that, for the time being, detection methods using in-vehicle devices and in-vehicle cameras are expected to remain dominant, while devices that can detect health conditions and abnormalities simply by driving as usual are expected to emerge as future applications. The problems associated with current smartwatch- and smartphone-based systems are discussed, as are the barriers to their practical use in vehicles. The emergence of wearable devices such as the Apple Watch is considered a turning point in the application of driver-monitoring systems. In particular, methods for measuring the heartbeat through sensing devices of a wearable-type, such as wristwatch-type, ring-type, and shirt-type devices, as well as through devices of a nonwearable type, such as steering-type, seat-type, and other types of devices, are discussed. ![]() In this review, examples of heartbeat-monitoring systems are discussed. Applications that can measure a driver’s heartbeat without restricting the driver’s action are currently under development. Therefore, it is quite important that the driver monitoring system must not restrict or interfere with the driver’s action. ![]()
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